什麼是氯化鉀,它有什麼好處?和食品常見問題解答

What is potassium chloride?

Potassium chloride is a salt-like metal compound containing potassium and chloride. It appears as white, colorless, cube-shaped crystals and has a strong salty taste.
People can buy potassium chloride online or at health stores. It is available in powder or extended-release tablet form.

Purpose

People can use potassium chloride to treat low potassium, or hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia can cause irregular heartbeats and may lead to death in severe cases.

The result may be:
  • Insulin deficiency
  • Insulin replacement therapy
  • Gastrointestinal infection or diarrhea and vomiting
  • Kidney problems
The kidneys help retain or eliminate potassium from the body. The body can lose excess potassium through vomiting and diarrhea.

In these cases, people can use potassium chloride as a supplement to increase their potassium intake.

Other uses of potassium chloride include:
  • Eye drops and contact lens care
  • Low sodium food alternatives
  • Oral, injected or intravenous medications
The body needs potassium to function properly. Potassium helps with muscle building, nerve function, and heartbeat regulation. It also helps cells function properly.

A diet high in potassium can help reduce some of the harmful effects of salt on blood pressure.

Benefits of taking potassium chloride include:

Reduced high blood pressure
Reduced risk of heart disease and stroke
Reduce salt consumption when used as a substitute

Natural sources of potassium

Potassium is found naturally in fruits, vegetables, dairy and seafood products.

Foods that are particularly high in potassium include:

  • Beet leaves
  • Cooked tofu
  • Lima beans
  • Swiss Chard
  • Root vegetables, including sweet potatoes and parsnips

How to take potassium chloride

How to take potassium chloride
Potassium chloride is available by prescription as extended-release tablets. It is also available as an injectable, ready-made solution, or soluble powder.

When taking any medication or supplement, always follow the directions on the manufacturer's label or doctor's prescription.

In more severe cases, a health care professional can inject potassium chloride into a vein through a tube.

Consult your doctor before giving potassium chloride to infants and children under 16 years of age.

People should always consult a doctor before using any supplement.

The table below shows the average adequate potassium intake for adults and adolescents.

These numbers do not apply to people who release more or less potassium through their urine for reasons such as kidney problems or medications.

Warning

Potassium chloride should not be given if you are taking medications that may increase potassium overdose.

People with chronic kidney disease should also avoid taking potassium chloride because their kidneys may not be able to remove excess potassium from the blood.

If a person has certain conditions, including:
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Liver disease
  • Adrenocortical Insufficiency
  • Congestive heart failure
You are most likely to develop hypokalemia if you have inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

People taking potassium-sparing diuretics, thiazide diuretics, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may also be at risk for getting too little potassium.

Risk

People who take potassium chloride may get too much potassium, causing hyperkalemia.

Some people with hyperkalemia may be asymptomatic, meaning they have no symptoms. However, the following symptoms may occur:
  • Heart palpitations
  • Muscle weakness
  • Paresthesia, or tingling or burning sensation in the limbs
  • Paralysis
  • Irregular heartbeat, potentially life-threatening
  • The kidneys do not excrete potassium
  • Small intestinal lesions, which may lead to intestinal perforation, obstruction or bleeding
If someone suspects they have taken an overdose of potassium chloride, they should seek medical advice.

Side effects

Most adverse reactions are caused by the way people take potassium chloride.

Oral medications may cause vomiting and diarrhea. If a person receives an injection, they may develop some complications at the injection site, including:

  • Phlebitis or inflammation of the veins
  • Erythema or erythema on the skin
  • Thrombus or blood coagulation at the injection site
  • Mild hyperkalemia or higher than normal potassium levels in the blood

Potassium chloride and other drugs

People need to talk to their doctor about taking potassium chloride with other medicines, according to the NIHT.

Potassium chloride may be unsafe for people taking the following medications:
  • ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: include lotensin or benazepril and Cozaar or losartan.
  • Potassium-sparing diuretics: Medications include midamole or amiloride and aldactone or spironolactone. People taking these medications need to have their potassium levels monitored through blood tests.
  • Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics: Medications include Lasix or furosemide and Bumex or bumetanide. Thiazide diuretics include Diuril or chlorothiazide and Zaroxolyn or Metalazone. These drugs increase the body's excretion of potassium and may cause hypokalemia.

Frequently asked questions about potassium chloride

When using potassium chloride in food, there are several key issues that need to be addressed. In this FAQ, we provide answers to the most commonly heard questions:

What is potassium chloride?

Answer: Potassium chloride is a common natural mineral. It is typically extracted from the ground through solution potash mining; that is, water is injected into the ground where potassium chloride deposits are present, the water dissolves the potassium chloride, the saturated brine is pumped back to the surface, and the water evaporates, leaving the potassium chloride behind. Potassium chloride can also be extracted from the sea using a similar process and is used to produce some sea salt. Potassium chloride is a mineral found in seawater and can be extracted through traditional solar evaporation.

Is potassium chloride safe to eat?

Answer: Yes. Potassium chloride has been recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a multipurpose ingredient in foods without any restrictions other than Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), meaning food manufacturers at the level required to achieve its intended technical effect in food.

Is potassium chloride bad for me?

Answer: Potassium chloride's long history of use in food, as well as its regulatory approval for food use in the United States and numerous international scientific agencies and regulatory agencies, support the safety of oral consumption of potassium chloride sex. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for chloride salts, including potassium chloride, is "not limited," indicating that their toxicity to humans is very low.

Is there a recommended intake level for potassium chloride? If so, what happens if I exceed them?

Answer: Potassium chloride is absorbed by the body in the form of its constituent ions: potassium and chloride. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), dietary intake of potassium at an adequate intake (AI) level of 4.7 g/day (for all adults) should maintain lower blood pressure levels and reduce the adverse effects of sodium chloride intake on blood pressure, Reduces the risk of recurrence of kidney stones and may reduce bone loss. In generally healthy people with normal renal function, excessive potassium intake from food (e.g., above the AI) is not critical because it is readily excreted in the urine. However, individuals with special medical conditions associated with impaired urinary potassium excretion (e.g., diabetes, renal failure, severe heart failure, etc.) or who are receiving specific treatment regimens (e.g., certain medications, dietary restrictions, etc.) should consult before consuming Consult your healthcare professional before consuming any food containing potassium chloride. Currently, potassium intakes for all populations in the United States and Canada are well below the AI, with adult women consuming only about half of the AI ​​(2.2-2.6 g/day) and men slightly more than women (2.8-2.6 g/day). 3.4 g/day). This includes all sources of potassium from food (i.e., naturally occurring or added ingredients). Therefore, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increasing your intake of foods that provide nutrients such as potassium. naturally occurring or added ingredients). Therefore, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increasing your intake of foods that provide nutrients such as potassium. naturally occurring or added ingredients). Therefore, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increasing your intake of foods that provide nutrients such as potassium.

What about chloride intake from potassium chloride?

Answer: According to the IOM, the chloride AI for all adults is 2.3 g/day and the upper limit (UL) is 3.6 g/day; and, in general, due to the presence of chloride in processed foods sodium, thus meeting the chloride requirement. Therefore, the use of potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride in foods is not expected to result in a potential increase in dietary intake of chloride.

Are there any health issues I should be concerned about?

Answer: In healthy people with normal kidney function, excess potassium intake from food is not critical because it is easily excreted in the urine. However, individuals with special medical conditions associated with impaired urinary potassium excretion (e.g., diabetes, renal failure, severe heart failure, etc.) or who are receiving specific treatment regimens (e.g., certain medications, dietary restrictions, etc.) should consult before consuming Consult your healthcare professional before consuming any food containing potassium chloride.

Does my body need potassium chloride?

Answer: Potassium chloride is absorbed by the body in the form of its constituent ions: potassium and chloride. Electrolytes, such as potassium and chloride, are essential for normal functions of the body (e.g., blood pressure homeostasis, kidney function, cellular communication, pH buffering).

What is the use of potassium chloride in food?

Answer: Potassium chloride has uses confirmed by GRAS as a flavor enhancer, flavoring agent, nutritional supplement, pH control agent and stabilizer or thickener. However, potassium chloride is used in foods for two main purposes. The first is to provide potassium to food. The second is as a substitute for table salt to reduce the sodium content in food. Like salt (aka sodium chloride), potassium chloride provides a salty taste and often serves other functional roles (e.g., microbial management, protein modification, flavor enhancement) that affect the taste, texture, and shelf life of foods.

Which foods contain potassium chloride?

Answer: Potassium chloride is widely used as a salt substitute or to provide an enrichment of potassium in many different foods, including:

  • Infant formula
  • Grains
  • Frozen entrées
  • Meat
  • Snacks, such as potato chips or crisps
  • Sports/electrolyte drinks
  • Soup
  • Sauce
  • Snack/dining bar

What are other non-food uses of potassium chloride?

Answer: By far the greatest use of potassium chloride is as a fertilizer. Like humans and many other living things, plants need potassium to thrive. Fertilizer/Industrial grade potassium chloride is often referred to as potash fertilizer.

Potassium chloride is also used in dialysate in the pharmaceutical industry. The potassium chloride in the dialysate helps maintain the body's electrolyte balance.

Is there another way to reduce salt/sodium without using potassium chloride?

Answer: For home cooking, herbs and spices can be used to add flavor to food. For commercially prepared items, spices and herbs may provide or enhance food flavor; however, food manufacturers still need to consider salt's other essential functional roles in food (e.g., texture, microbial management). Depending on the functional role, other non-sodium alternatives may be used, such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride; however, they can sometimes produce "off-flavors."

Should I be concerned about a potassium chloride allergy?

Answer: Potassium chloride does not contain any known major food allergens, including: wheat, soy, milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish or shellfish. However, with any food there is a risk of intolerance or allergic reaction. Individuals who think they have had a reaction to consuming potassium chloride should consult their healthcare professional.

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