Apple pectin is derived from the apple (Malus Domestica). It is a source of soluble fiber, used in dietary supplements, and thickens foods such as jams and preserves.
Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide (there are several different monosaccharides) containing D-galacturonic acid (sugar). It is found in the cell walls of plants. Interestingly, studies have shown that pectin has a positive impact on the microbiome (gut bacteria) by increasing or decreasing different gut bacteria.
Researchers have also studied the effects of apple pectin on:
- blood sugar level
- cholesterol level
- digestive health
Learn about apple pectin uses, research, possible side effects, and more.
Apple pectin uses
The best research on apple pectin is in relation to high cholesterol, diabetes, and diarrhea.
While apple pectin is touted to prevent or treat many diseases, there is little reliable data to support its use. Some unproven uses include but are not limited to the following:
- cancer
- duodenal ulcer
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Supplement use should be individualized and reviewed by a health care professional, such as a registered dietitian (RD or RDN), pharmacist, or health care provider. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
diarrhea
Early research shows apple pectin can relieve diarrhea symptoms. One study investigated the effects of apple pectin powder on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). It involved adults with IBS-D; treatment lasted 29 months. Patients taking pectin experienced a greater reduction in symptoms than those in the control group. Further research is needed before recommendations can be made.
Another study involved giving a combination product containing apple pectin and chamomile extract to children with diarrhea. The study involved children aged six months to six years. Some received a placebo. Researchers said symptoms improved more among children who received the combined treatment than in the placebo group. However, determining the effects of apple pectin alone is challenging because combination products are used.
If your child develops diarrhea, contact their healthcare provider immediately for further guidance.
high cholesterol
Pectin can also help lower cholesterol. Pectin binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract and carries it out of the body before being absorbed into the bloodstream.
Researchers studied the effects of apple pectin on people with mildly elevated cholesterol levels. They provided participants with 15 grams (g) of pectin or fiber every day for four weeks. Apple pectin can reduce LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (considered "bad" cholesterol) by 4.94 to 9.26 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), and reduce total cholesterol by 3.73 to 6.54 mmol/L.
A series of studies (meta-analysis) also found that apple pectin can reduce LDL cholesterol levels. However, the authors note that the results should be interpreted with caution because only a limited number of studies were examined.
diabetes
Phlorizin-rich apple pectin products reduce postprandial blood glucose elevations in healthy individuals. The number of participants in this study was small.
Researchers used 7 grams (g) of apple pectin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Taking pectin after meals can reduce insulin requirements by 35%. However, this study had few participants.
Making recommendations based on small studies is a challenge. More research is needed.
What are the side effects of apple pectin?
Apple pectin is generally considered safe. However, there are some side effects to consider.
Common side effects
Apple pectin may cause minor side effects related to its fiber content, such as:
- diarrhea
- gas
- stomach cramps
These may disappear with lower doses.
serious side effects
Possible side effects of apple pectin are usually mild. However, people allergic to apples or pectin should avoid it. If you think you or someone you know is having an allergic reaction, seek medical assistance immediately.
Pectin may also interfere with how you absorb certain medications and supplements. Tell your healthcare provider if you are using apple pectin.
Precaution
Apple pectin is generally considered safe, but gastrointestinal side effects may occur. People allergic to apples or pectin should also avoid use.
Dosage: How much apple pectin should I take?
You can buy apple pectin supplements online or at stores that sell supplements. They usually come in capsule or powder form. The powder can be mixed with water or juice.
Guidelines for the safe and effective use of apple pectin have not been developed. However, studies in adults suggest taking 10 to 15 grams or more daily for at least four weeks.
One study used daily doses in children. However, combination products are used. Consult your child's healthcare provider before using apple pectin or any other product in children, especially if they have certain medical conditions and/or are taking medications.
Consult the label or your healthcare provider, registered dietitian (RD or RDN), or pharmacist for advice on when or how to take apple pectin.
What will happen if I take too much apple pectin?
Apple pectin poisoning is unlikely. However, if you develop severe abdominal discomfort or a severe allergic reaction, seek medical attention immediately.
interactive
The fiber content in apple pectin may interfere with how your body absorbs medications like levothyroxine or lovastatin. Apple pectin may also interfere with the absorption of certain minerals, such as calcium supplements. Take certain medications and supplements with fiber-containing products for an hour or more, or as recommended by your healthcare provider.
One small study showed that taking pectin reduced post-meal insulin requirements by 35%. Apple pectin may lower blood sugar and reduce insulin requirements if used.
Research shows that pectin may alter women's absorption of beta-carotene, an antioxidant found in colorful plants and fruits. Although unlikely with apple pectin, low beta-carotene may cause vitamin A deficiency.
One study showed that apple pectin enhances the absorption of quercetin. Further studies are needed to confirm this result.
How to Store Apple Pectin
Apple pectin can be stored in a cool, dry place. Freshly made apple pectin may need to be refrigerated or frozen.
Follow the manufacturer's storage and disposal recommendations on the label.
Similar supplements
Another supplement that contains soluble fiber is psyllium. Other foods and supplements with prebiotic qualities are also available.
Sources and precautions of apple pectin
Dietary supplements are not strictly regulated in the United States. Sometimes, it can be challenging to know which qualities are high enough. Choose brands that have current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and/or have been tested by independent certification bodies, including the following:
- United States Pharmacopeia
- consumer lab
- National Science Foundation
These resources can give you an idea of the quality, potential quantity, and other characteristics of ingredients.
Food sources of apple pectin
Apple pectin may be found in apples (Malus Domestica).
Apple Pectin Supplement
Apple pectin supplements are usually available in capsule or powder form. Powders can be mixed with liquids.
generalize
Studies show that apple pectin can lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels. However, further high-quality research is needed.
Talk to your healthcare provider about whether apple pectin is safe for you. Follow the dosage instructions on the label. Be sure to drink enough fluids when taking apple pectin.
