Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). If not treated in time, it may lead to serious complications.
Learn about gonorrhea
Bacterial infections
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterium that thrives in warm, moist areas of the genital and urinary tracts.
transfer method
Sexual contact: Gonorrhea is mainly transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex with an infected partner.
Common symptoms
genital symptoms
Men: Symptoms may include a burning sensation during urination, penile discharge, and swollen testicles.
Women: Symptoms may include painful urination, increased vaginal discharge, and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Rectal and throat symptoms
Rectal gonorrhea: Symptoms include anal itching, discharge, and painful bowel movements.
Throat gonorrhea: If an infection develops in your throat, you may experience sore throat and discomfort.
diagnosis
lab testing
Swab testing: A healthcare professional may collect a sample from the site of infection (genitals, rectum, or throat) for laboratory testing.
Urine test
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT): A urine test that detects the genetic material of bacteria.
treat
antibiotic treatment
Dual antibiotics: Due to increased antibiotic resistance, antibiotic combinations (such as ceftriaxone and azithromycin) are often prescribed.
Follow-up testing
Cure Test: Follow-up testing is recommended to ensure complete eradication of the infection.
Precaution
safe sex
Condom use: Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of gonorrhea transmission.
Regular screenings
Routine testing: Regular screening for sexually transmitted infections, especially for individuals with multiple sexual partners, can help with early detection and treatment.
Partner communication
Open dialogue: Open communication about STI status with sexual partners and practicing mutual monogamy can help prevent the spread of gonorrhea.
complication
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Risks for women: Untreated gonorrhea in women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and long-term reproductive health problems.
infertility
Potential Effects: If complications occur, gonorrhea can cause infertility in both men and women.
Pregnancy precautions
neonatal complications
Transmission to newborn: A pregnant woman with gonorrhea may pass the infection to her newborn during delivery, resulting in an eye infection.
global impact
antibiotic resistance
Emerging challenges: The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains poses a global challenge to gonorrhea treatment.
in conclusion
Although common, gonorrhea is a treatable STD if caught early and treated with appropriate antibiotics. Prevention measures, including safe sex, regular screening, and open communication with sexual partners, play a key role in reducing the incidence and spread of gonorrhea. Seeking medical attention immediately upon onset of symptoms and adhering to the prescribed treatment regimen can help effectively manage and prevent gonorrhea-related complications. Public awareness, education and ongoing research are important components of global efforts to combat the impact of gonorrhea on sexual health. Individuals concerned about gonorrhea or other sexually transmitted infections should consult a health care provider for personalized guidance and care
