Why does scratching make eczema worse?

Scratching can worsen eczema (also called atopic dermatitis) for the following reasons:

Skin barrier damage:

Eczema is characterized by a compromised skin barrier. Scratching can further damage this already fragile barrier, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens.

inflamed:

Scratching triggers an inflammatory response in the skin, causing redness, swelling, and increased itching. The more scratches you have, the more inflamed your skin will be.

Itch-scratch cycle:

Scratching creates an itch-scratch cycle. When you scratch an itch, nerve fibers in the skin release substances that cause itching. While scratching can temporarily relieve itching, it can also stimulate more itching, perpetuating a vicious cycle.

Secondary infection:

Scratching with dirty nails or dirty surfaces can introduce bacteria into open skin, causing secondary infection. Infection can worsen eczema symptoms and may require additional treatment.

Mossification:

Continuous scratching can lead to lichenification, thickening and hardening of the skin. Lichenified skin is more prone to cracking and can be difficult to manage.

Pigmentation and scarring:

Chronic scratching can lead to hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) and scarring, which may persist even after an eczema episode subsides.

Tips to control itching and reduce scratching:

Keep your nails short:

Keep your nails short to minimize damage to your skin when scratching.

To avoid scratching:

Try to resist the urge to scratch. Instead, gentle tapping or tapping can relieve itching.

Moisturize regularly:

Keep skin well moisturized. Dry skin can worsen itchiness, so use an emollient or moisturizer regularly.

Cold compress:

Apply a cold compress to the affected area to reduce inflammation and relieve itching.

Anti-itch cream:

Over-the-counter or prescription anti-itch creams containing ingredients such as hydrocortisone can help relieve itching. Use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

prescription:

In severe cases, your healthcare provider may prescribe topical or oral medications to control eczema symptoms and itching.