Tocopherols (TCP) are a class of organic compounds containing various methylated phenols, many of which have vitamin E activity. This vitamin was named tocopherol because its activity was first discovered in 1936 from dietary fertility factors in rats. Tocopherol’s main function is as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress. It has a protective effect on cell membranes and fatty acids, helping to maintain the integrity of cell structures.
Alpha-tocopherol is a major source in supplements and in the European diet, where the main dietary sources are olive oil and sunflower oil, while gamma-tocopherol is the most common form in the American diet due to higher intakes of soy and corn oil .
Tocotrienols are related compounds that also have vitamin E activity. All these various derivatives with vitamin activity can be correctly called "vitamin E". Tocopherols and tocotrienols are fat-soluble antioxidants but appear to have many other functions in the body.
What is tocopherol?
Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E and is a powerful antioxidant. It is used as an ingredient in skin care products to promote healthy aging.
There are two types of naturally occurring vitamin E: tocopherols and tocotrienols. Each of these classes has four forms:
- alpha
- beta
- gamma
- delta
Therefore, the term "vitamin E" is actually a collective description of these eight compounds.
Vitamin E tocopherols include:
- alpha-tocopherol
- beta-tocopherol
- γ-Tocopherol
- delta-tocopherol
The only tocopherol considered sufficient for human needs is alpha-tocopherol. When you use vitamin E oil or serum, it is made from the alpha form.
Tocopheryl esters are commonly used in skin care products for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Esters that can be used include tocopheryl acetate and tocopheryl linoleate.
Topical application of vitamin E ester can relieve skin damage and promote healthy aging. This form of vitamin E also acts as a preservative, making it rancid when combined with skin-repairing ingredients.
You'll find tocopherol compounds in:
- lipstick
- Base
- eye shadow
- Facial Moisturizers and Serums
- body scrub
- face mask
- lip balm
- body wash
- Shampoo and conditioner
- eye cream
- baby soap
- Soap
- shaving cream
- sunscreen lotion
Tocopherols are also found in many foods and vitamin E supplements. Vitamin E supplementation may benefit brain, cardiovascular, vision and skin health, but overdose can be dangerous.
where was found
Tocopherol is found in vegetable oils including :
- Wheat germ oil
- Sunflower seed oil
- Safflower oil
- palm oil
- peanut oil
- Corn oil
- Soybean oil
Alpha-tocopherol is also found in foods, including:
- sunflower seeds
- almond
- hazelnut
- peanut
- spinach
- broccoli
- kiwi
- mango
- tomato
The safest way to get vitamin E is to eat foods rich in this nutrient. Adding these foods to your diet allows you to take advantage of the many benefits of tocopherols.
Advantages/Uses
Acts as a powerful antioxidant
Tocopherol is a powerful antioxidant that prevents damage caused by oxidative stress. Studies show it has a protective effect on cell membranes that are vulnerable to free radical attack.
This makes vitamin E an immune-boosting vitamin.
Alpha-tocopherol appears to inhibit the production of new free radicals, while gamma-tocopherol is able to capture and neutralize existing free radicals. This allows it to potentially prevent or delay chronic diseases associated with free radicals, such as atherosclerosis, asthma, degenerative eye disease, diabetes and. Cancer atherosclerosis .
Acts as an anti-inflammatory agent
Tocopherol has anti-inflammatory activity both in the body and on the skin. It is used in topical products and taken internally to combat inflammation, which we know is the root cause of many serious health problems.
One study found that mixed tocopherols may be more effective at reducing inflammation than alpha-tocopherol alone. Therefore, supplementation with mixed tocopherols may help reduce inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Moisturize skin
Skin Vitamin E is very popular because its compounds improve skin moisture and elasticity. That’s why you often find tocopherol in youth serums, eye creams, and body lotions.
Research highlights that vitamin E preparations reduce the frequency and severity of skin problems. It has protective and healing properties, hydrating the skin and reducing the effects of environmental damage.
Prevent and soothe skin damage
Topical application of tocopherol acetate can prevent skin damage caused by sun exposure. Preliminary evidence suggests it may also help reduce signs of aging and prevent scarring.
When tocopherol is used as a skin care ingredient, it has protective and nourishing effects. It strengthens capillary walls and improves skin moisture and elasticity.
Many studies document vitamin E's ability to improve skin problems and the overall health and appearance of the skin.
make hair thicker
Because this vitamin E isomer has a powerful antioxidant effect, it helps prevent or improve environmental damage to the hair. It also promotes circulation and helps retain moisture, thus helping to reduce dandruff and itchy scalp.
Reviews indicate that vitamin E deficiency is common in people with hair loss. This may be related to the antioxidant properties of vitamin E compounds.
Support eye health
Research suggests that vitamin E may help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration. In order for vitamin E supplements to be effective in promoting eye health, the nutrient needs to be combined with vitamin C, beta-carotene and zinc.
Can promote brain health
Because tocopherol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, it helps support brain health and fight neurodegenerative diseases. Research has found that alpha-tocopherol helps slow functional decline in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
Risks and Side Effects
Are mixed tocopherols safe? Vitamin E supplements usually provide only alpha-tocopherol, but "mixed" tocopherols and tocotrienols are also available. The latter is usually less active because these supplements are made with synthetic forms of vitamin E.
Research shows that getting vitamin E from food is considered safe, with no documented evidence of side effects. Tocopherol is considered safe when used in appropriate amounts, especially when applied simply topically.
However, high doses of vitamin E, exceeding 1,000 mg per day, may have pro-oxidant effects, and taking high-dose vitamin E supplements may cause side effects such as fatigue, headache, dizziness, stomach cramps, and nausea. If you are taking doses of approximately 1,000 mg or more per day, especially if you also consume vitamin E foods, talk to your doctor about possible health effects.
Topical application of vitamin E isomers may cause irritation in some people. Start by trying a small amount of a product containing vitamin E oil on a small area of skin to make sure you don't experience any adverse reactions. Allergy to tocopherol may occur when used topically. If you experience irritation, rash, or itching after using a product containing vitamin E, discontinue use.
Vitamin E supplements may interact with a variety of medications, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, chemotherapy drugs, and radiation therapy.
