Scratching can worsen eczema (also called atopic dermatitis) for the following reasons:
Skin barrier damage:
Eczema is characterized by a compromised skin barrier. Scratching can further damage this already fragile barrier, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens.
inflamed:
Scratching triggers an inflammatory response in the skin, causing redness, swelling, and increased itching. The more scratches you have, the more inflamed your skin will be.
Itch-scratch cycle:
Scratching creates an itch-scratch cycle. When you scratch an itch, nerve fibers in the skin release substances that cause itching. While scratching can temporarily relieve itching, it can also stimulate more itching, perpetuating a vicious cycle.
Secondary infection:
Scratching with dirty nails or dirty surfaces can introduce bacteria into open skin, causing secondary infection. Infection can worsen eczema symptoms and may require additional treatment.
Mossification:
Continuous scratching can lead to lichenification, thickening and hardening of the skin. Lichenified skin is more prone to cracking and can be difficult to manage.
Pigmentation and scarring:
Chronic scratching can lead to hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) and scarring, which may persist even after an eczema episode subsides.
Tips to control itching and reduce scratching:
Keep your nails short:
Keep your nails short to minimize damage to your skin when scratching.
To avoid scratching:
Try to resist the urge to scratch. Instead, gentle tapping or tapping can relieve itching.
Moisturize regularly:
Keep skin well moisturized. Dry skin can worsen itchiness, so use an emollient or moisturizer regularly.
Cold compress:
Apply a cold compress to the affected area to reduce inflammation and relieve itching.
Anti-itch cream:
Over-the-counter or prescription anti-itch creams containing ingredients such as hydrocortisone can help relieve itching. Use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
prescription:
In severe cases, your healthcare provider may prescribe topical or oral medications to control eczema symptoms and itching.
