E160b(i) Annatto (also known as Annatto), bixin (Bixin, also known as annatto, bixin), is a kind of red wood (achiote; Bixa orellana; also known as annatto, annatto, Apocarotenoids found in annatto, the red tree), which are used to give a variety of foods their yellow to orange color. Annatto extract comes as a dark red solution, emulsion or suspension in water or oil, or a dark red powder.
- CAS No. 1393-63-1
natural source
Annatto is extracted from the reddish-orange seeds of the Achiote tree, which is native to tropical areas of Central and South America. Seeds contain two main colorants:
- Bixin(E160b(i))
- Norbixin (E160b(ii)) ( Annatto, norbixin)
Coloring purposes
Bixin is the main coloring component of redwood and is responsible for its yellow to orange hue. It is fat-soluble and suitable for coloring oil-based products such as butter, margarine and cheese. Annatto is also used in a variety of food applications, including dairy products, baked goods, snacks and beverages.
Annatto extract has long been used as a food coloring, especially in cheese, and various types of extracts are now used in a wide variety of foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, including cream, margarine, salad dressings, ice cream, and others Frozen desserts, confectionery, egg products, fish and fish products, meat products, cereals, cakes, beverages, soups, fruit products, snacks, bakery products, spices and seasonings and sausage casings.
health and safety
When used in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), redwood is generally considered safe for human consumption. It is classified as a natural colorant and does not require certification by regulatory agencies in many countries. However, some people may be sensitive to carmine and experience an allergic reaction or intolerance. As with any food ingredient, it's important to read labels and be aware of potential allergens.
regulatory status
E160b(i) has been approved for use as a food colorant by regulatory agencies around the world, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ( JECFA). It's labeled "annatto" or "annatto heart" on the ingredients list, indicating its natural origin.
GSFA
The Codex Alimentarius Commission has approved maximum permissible levels (MPL) for annatto extracts, including bixin (160b(i)) and norbixin (160b(ii)) variants in several food categories. Many other applications of annatto extract as a color additive are currently under review.
Regulatory approval
joint expert committee
The ADI of bixin is 0.-12 mg/kg body weight, and the ADI group of norbixin and its disodium and dipotassium salts is 0-0.6 mg/kg body weight, expressed as norbixin.
USA
Annatto extract is an exempt color additive used in foods, drugs (including eye products) and cosmetics. It is listed in regulations (21 CFR) and must be used within GMP guidelines.
Labeling requirements
Food manufacturers must label products containing annatto or annatto as “added color,” or specifically mention “annatto extract” or “annatto” in the ingredient list. This helps consumers identify products containing this natural colorant.
stability
Annatto is relatively stable to heat, light and pH changes, making it suitable for a wide range of food applications. However, its color may fade over time, especially under long-term storage or harsh processing conditions.
European Union
The ADI is 6 mg bixin/kg body weight (bw) per day, and the ADI is 0.3 mg bixin/kg body weight per day. The European Food Safety Authority has authorized maximum use levels for bixin in specific food and drink categories .
