E421 is the European food additive code for mannitol. Mannitol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) commonly used in the food industry as a sweetener and bulking agent. It occurs naturally in small amounts in a variety of fruits and vegetables, but commercial mannitol is usually produced by hydrogenating fructose.
Sweetness:
Mannitol is about 60-70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). Although it provides sweetness, it is generally used more for its bulking properties rather than as a primary sweetener.
Low calorie:
Like other sugar alcohols, mannitol is lower in calories than sucrose. It provides sweetness but not as many calories.
Fillers:
Mannitol is often used as a bulking agent in sugar-free and low-calorie products. It adds volume and texture to foods without producing a lot of calories.
Sugar-free and suitable for diabetics:
Mannitol does not raise blood sugar levels like sucrose, making it suitable for diabetics or people following a low-sugar diet.
Dental health:
Mannitol does not promote tooth decay because oral bacteria cannot easily ferment it. Therefore, it is often used in sugar-free chewing gum and candies.
Cool feeling:
Mannitol has a cooling effect in the mouth, similar to other sugar alcohols. This property is often used in products such as sugar-free mints and chewing gum.
While mannitol is generally considered safe to consume, excessive consumption of sugar alcohols can sometimes cause digestive discomfort, including bloating and diarrhea, especially in sensitive individuals. As with any food additive, it is important for individuals with specific health concerns or dietary restrictions to be aware of its presence in certain products and check food labels accordingly.
