E110 食用色素日落黃 FCF

Sunset Yellow FCF (also known as Orange Yellow S, or CI 15985) is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH-dependent absorption maximum at approximately 480 nm at pH 1 and 100 nm at pH 13 443 nm, with shoulder at 500 nm. When added to food products sold in the United States, it is known as FD&C Yellow 6; when sold in Europe, it is designated by the E number E110.

Identification

FD&C Yellow No. 6
INS No. 110
E Code E 110
EINECS No. 220-491-7
CAS No. 2783-94-0
CI Food Yellow 3
CI No. 15985

Physical description

Sunset Yellow FCF is a synthetic yellow dye that appears reddish-orange in application. Sunset yellow is mainly the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. The trisodium salt of 3-hydroxy-4[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenesulfonic acid can be added in small amounts.

Common uses

Sunset yellow appears orange when used in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is used to color many different types of food, including cereals, snack foods, baked goods, gelatin, beverages, dessert powders, cookies and sauces.

Specifications

JECFA (2011)
US FDA
Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012

Codex GSFA Regulations

Sunset Yellow FCF is added to foods and beverages at concentrations up to the Maximum Permissible Levels (MPL) established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and published in the General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA).

Regulatory approval

United States: FD&C Yellow No. 6 and its aluminum lake (21 CFR 82.706) are certified to be safe for coloring general food (including dietary supplements) (21 CFR 74.706) and general pharmaceuticals (21 CFR 74.1706) and cosmetics (21 CFR 74.2706), the dosage is consistent with GMP.

EU: ADI 0-4 mg/kg body weight; EFSA has also established an MPL for the use of sunset yellow in certain foods and beverages in Europe, in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008
JECFA: ADI 0-4 mg/kg body weight (74th Report, 2011)

Security Assessment

JECFA most recently evaluated Sunset Yellow FCF in 2012, noting at that time that there were five other long-term repeated-dose feeding studies testing Sunset Yellow FCF at dietary concentrations equivalent to doses of 7500 mg/kg body weight per day and up to Rats take 2500 mg/kg body weight per day. One of the long-term studies in rats, which included in utero exposure, had a no apparent adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 375 mg/kg body weight per day for reduced pup body weight. Based on this NOAEL and the usual uncertainty factor of 100, the committee determined an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0-4 mg/kg body weight. The previous daily daily intake of 0-2.5 mg/kg body weight has been removed. The committee concluded that dietary exposure to sundown yellow FCF in children does not cause health problems.

Since the 1970s and Benjamin Feingold's well-publicized advocacy, the public has been concerned that food dyes may cause ADHD-like behavior in children. These concerns have prompted the FDA and other food safety agencies to regularly review the scientific literature, and prompted the UK FSA to commission a study by researchers at the University of Southampton to examine the impact of a mixture of Southampton 6 and sodium benzoate (preservatives) in drinks. children in the general population; the study was published in 2007. The study found "a possible link between consumption of these artificial colors and sodium benzoate preservatives and ADHD" in children; the FSA advisory committee that evaluated the study also determined that the results cannot be extrapolated to the general population due to study limitations and recommended further Test".

Review

All comments are moderated before being published

HealthyPIG Magazine

View all
Transform Your Home with the Philips Smart 1000i Air Purifier: Allergy Relief Meets Smart Living

Transform Your Home with the Philips Smart 1000i Air Purifier: Allergy Relief Meets Smart Living

In today’s fast-paced world, where indoor air quality often goes unnoticed, the Philips Air Purifier Smart 1000i Series offers a breath of fresh ai...
皮質醇管理:如何控制皮質醇?我們能夠自行管理或調節劑量嗎?

皮質醇管理:如何控制皮質醇?我們能夠自行管理或調節劑量嗎?

皮質醇是一種在壓力反應中發揮重要作用的激素,適量的皮質醇可以幫助我們應對壓力和維持健康。然而,過量或長期的高皮質醇水平可能會對身體帶來負面影響。以下我們將探討如何控制和管理皮質醇,包括自然方法、藥物干預、以及測量皮質醇的方式。 1. 自然方法調節皮質醇 壓力管理技術:研究顯示,冥想、深呼吸...
皮質醇是什麼?它如何影響我們的身體與日常生活?

皮質醇是什麼?它如何影響我們的身體與日常生活?

皮質醇(Cortisol)是一種由腎上腺分泌的激素,通常被稱為「壓力荷爾蒙」。它的主要功能是幫助身體應對壓力情境,並且在多種生理過程中扮演重要角色。皮質醇的釋放受腦部下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸(HPA軸)控制,這是一個調節人體反應於壓力的系統。 皮質醇對身體的影響 當我們處於壓力下時,皮質...
為什麼我們在緊張時總是忍不住吃零食?科學解密壓力性飲食行為

為什麼我們在緊張時總是忍不住吃零食?科學解密壓力性飲食行為

當人們感到緊張或壓力時,經常會無意識地吃零食,這種行為主要涉及大腦的多巴胺系統、情緒反應以及身體的生理需求。以下是背後的幾個主要原因: 壓力荷爾蒙的影響:壓力會觸發皮質醇的釋放,這種壓力激素會引發人們對高糖和高脂肪食物的渴望。這些食物能帶來短暫的愉悅感,因為它們能刺激大腦分泌多巴胺,讓人感...
光學治療濕疹 - 全面總結

光學治療濕疹 - 全面總結

簡介 光療使用光波來治療某些皮膚問題。皮膚會暴露於紫外線 (UV) 光下一段設定的時間。光療利用人造的紫外線光源,紫外線也來自陽光。當與一種叫做甲氧補骨脂素的藥物一起使用時,這個程序稱為 PUVA 光療。 紫外線光能夠抑制皮膚中的免疫系統細胞,對於因免疫系統過度反應引起的皮膚問題有幫助。可以使...
什麼是「操縱者」?

什麼是「操縱者」?

操縱者,也可以說成「擅用手段的人」,「心機重的人」。操縱者利用欺騙、影響或者其他形式的心理操控來控制或影響他人,以達到自己的目標。他們的行為通常包含使用隱蔽、間接或偷偷摸摸的手法來獲得他們想要的東西,往往是以犧牲他人為代價。以下是一些常見的特徵和手段: 欺騙: 他們可能會說謊或扭曲事實來誤...
什麼是肌肉抽搐?你需要去看醫生嗎?

什麼是肌肉抽搐?你需要去看醫生嗎?

肌肉抽搐,也稱為肌束顫動,是指身體各部分出現不自主的肌肉收縮。以下是肌肉抽搐的原因、症狀及管理方法的詳細介紹: 肌肉抽搐的原因 壓力和焦慮 高水平的壓力和焦慮會導致肌肉緊張和抽搐。身體對壓力的反應會觸發神經系統,導致肌肉不自主地收縮。 疲勞 過度使用或劇烈運動後的肌肉疲勞會導致肌...
蘋果與牙齒健康:保護牙齒的小技巧

Apples and Dental Health: Tips to Protect Your Teeth

Apples are widely loved for their rich nutritional content and refreshing taste. However, apples' acidic and sugary content may also have an impact...
蘋果籽的毒性:它們真的有毒嗎?

Apple Seed Toxicity: Are They Really Poisonous?

Apple seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, compounds that break down in the body to produce cyanide, which has raised concerns about the toxicity o...