Exercise Cardiology and Exercise Guidelines for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
The document covers recreational and competitive sports for people with heart disease as well as conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, such as obesity and diabetes. Exercise is also recommended during pregnancy or in special circumstances. The paper states that traffic smoke is unlikely to reduce the heart health benefits of physical activity.
Like healthy adults of all ages, people with heart disease should exercise most days and get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Moderate intensity means increasing your heart rate and breathing rate but still being able to hold a conversation.
For people who are obese or have high blood pressure or diabetes, the guidelines recommend at least three strength exercises per week along with moderate or vigorous aerobic exercise, such as biking, running, or swimming.
Coronary artery disease, the most common type of heart disease, is caused by the buildup of fat on the inner walls of arteries. If the artery is completely blocked, this can lead to a heart attack. Most people with coronary artery disease can participate in competitive or recreational sports.
People with long-term coronary artery disease who want to exercise for the first time should see a doctor first, with the goal of adjusting the intensity of the activity based on their individual risk of acute events such as heart disease.
Regular moderate physical activity is recommended to prevent the most common heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation. People with atrial fibrillation who are taking anticoagulants to prevent stroke should avoid contact sports because of the risk of bleeding.
People with pacemakers should not be prevented from participating in sports because of this device. However, they need to tailor their choices based on the underlying disease.
Anyone who has chest pain for more than 15 minutes should call an ambulance. If you find that exercise causes heart palpitations or unusual shortness of breath or chest discomfort, reduce your activity and make an appointment to see your health professional.
Physical activity, even in small amounts, is good for everyone with heart disease. We hope these guidelines will help patients and their health professionals choose the best and most enjoyable activities for them.
