HealthyPIG Magazine

Considered a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes for many, e-cigarettes have revolutionized the tobacco industry over the past few decades. In e-cigarettes, the burning of tobacco is replaced by the heating of e-liquid, leading some manufacturers to suggest that e-cigarettes have less harmful effects on the respiratory system than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as nicotine content adjustment and pleasant flavor selection have won the favor of many users. However, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a method of smoking cessation remains controversial due to limited evidence. Furthermore, the heating process itself has been reported to lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to better understand the effects of these novel inhalable compounds on human health. Toxicological analysis results show that e-cigarettes are safer than traditional cigarettes, although short-term use of e-cigarettes can have harmful effects. Worryingly, little research has been done on the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption.

The long-term safety and health effects associated with vaping and exposure to secondhand vapor remain unknown. If e-cigarettes contain nicotine, they may pose a high risk of dependence and tolerance, just like tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes are often promoted as a way to quit smoking, but there is insufficient evidence to support this. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that look and feel like cigarettes, cigars, pens, or other common items, but they do not burn tobacco.

The vacuum fryer is a frying equipment installed in a vacuum chamber. Vacuum fryers are suitable for processing lower quality potatoes with higher than normal sugar content, as they usually have to be processed in the spring and early summer before a new harvest is available. Through vacuum frying, it is easier to maintain the natural color and flavor of the finished product. Due to the lower temperature used, around 130 °C, the formation of the suspected carcinogen acrylamide is significantly lower than in standard atmospheric fryers, where the frying temperature is around 170 °C. The product also reportedly has a lower fat absorption rate than atmospheric fryers. In Southeast Asia, intermittent vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit slices. However, these machines are only suitable for relatively small production companies.

A deep fryer is a kitchen appliance used for deep frying. Frying is a cooking method in which food is immersed in high-temperature oil, usually between 177 and 191 °C. Although typically used in commercial kitchens, home models are also available and have become increasingly popular.

Acrylamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 2 =CHC(O)NH 2 . It is a white, odorless solid, soluble in water and a variety of or...

Acrolein is a highly flammable liquid mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plastics or colloidal metals. Acrolein is mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plastics or colloidal metals. It has been used as an additive in perfumes. It is used as a herbicide in irrigation channels to control the growth of algae and submerged weeds. In the past, acrolein has been used in military poison gas mixtures, including tear gas.

Experts say most recommendations are well supported, but guidance on total fat intake ignores decades of evidence

Niacin, or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that occurs naturally in some foods, is added to foods, and is sold as a supplement. The two most common forms of niacin in foods and supplements are niacin and niacinamide. The body can also convert tryptophan, an amino acid, into nicotinamide. Niacin is water-soluble, so excess niacin that is not needed by the body is excreted in the urine. Niacin acts as a coenzyme in the body, and more than 400 enzymes rely on it to carry out various reactions. Niacin helps convert nutrients into energy, produce cholesterol and fat, produce and repair DNA, and exerts antioxidant effects.

A narcolepsy patient describes her difficult and long road to diagnosis and treatment, and a researcher sheds light on the condition and new treatment directions.

Nerve cells (also called neurons) in the body communicate with each other through chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters control nearly everything we do, influencing our thoughts and feelings, and coordinating our actions. A neurotransmitter called a neuropeptide.
Orexins are neuropeptides produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Of the billions of cells in the brain, only 10,000 to 20,000 produce orexin. These cells produce two types of orexin called orexin-A and orexin-B.
These neuropeptides were discovered by two groups around the same time, so they have two interchangeable names in the scientific community. One group chose the name "orexin," taken from the Greek "orexis," meaning appetite. Another group calls these neuropeptides hypocretins because they are found in the hypothalamus. Therefore, orexin-A and orexin-B are commonly known as hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2.

omnipresent Orexin is found in many tissues, including the hypothalamus, spinal cord, sensory ganglia, pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, ...